Incidencia del bienestar subjetivo y equilibrio trabajo-familia en cuanto a la cultura trabajo-familia en trabajadores del poder judicial chileno / Incidence of subjective well-being and work-family balance in terms of workfamily culture in workers of the chilean judicial branch

Resumen El presente trabajo determina la relación entre bienestar subjetivo y equilibrio trabajo-familia en la cultura trabajo-familia en trabajadores ligados al poder judicial en Chile. A 143 trabajadores se les administró el Cuestionario de Cultura Trabajo-Famila (Thompson et al., 1999), la Escala de Equilibrio Trabajo-Famila (Moreno et al., 2009) y Bienestar Subjetivo (Diener et al., 1999). Se observa que la cultura trabajo-familia es explicada en un 44.7% por el bienestar subjetivo y específicamente con la Interfase Negativa del Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia. Se concluye con las implicancias en la gestión organizacional para aplicar estrategias organizacionales que incorporen las dimensiones de bienestar y políticas de conciliación, que consideren un entorno saludable para los trabajadores del poder judicial.

Abstract This study determines the relationship between subjective well-being and work-fa- mily balance in work-family culture in workers linked to the judiciary in Chile. 143 wor- kers were administered the Work-Family Culture Questionnaire (Thompson et al., 1999), the Work-Family Balance Scale (Moreno et al., 2009) and Subjective Well-being (Diener et al., 1984). We found that 44.7% of the Work-Family Culture is explained by subjecti- ve well-being and specifically with the Negative Interface of the Work-Family Balance. It concludes with the implications of promoting initiatives to foster organizational strategies that incorporate the dimensions of well-being and conciliation policies that build a healthy environment for workers in the judiciary.

Papéis de gênero e divisão das tarefas domésticas segundo gênero e cor no Brasil: outros olhares sobre as desigualdades / Gender roles and division of domestic work by gender and race in Brazil: other views on inequalities / Roles de género y división de tareas domésticas según género y raza en Brasil: otros puntos de vista sobre las desigualdades

A adesão ao modelo tradicional de família nunca foi uniforme. Estudos sobre famílias negras nos EUA e no Caribe, por exemplo, mostram que as mulheres negras são menos propensas do que as brancas a oficializarem o casamento, são menos dependentes dos seus cônjuges e, do ponto de vista das atitudes, homens e mulheres afro-americanos tendem a ser mais tolerantes com mães que trabalham e mais igualitários em relação aos papéis de gênero. As diferenças são atribuídas aos constrangimentos socioeconômicos experimentados historicamente e às saídas construídas para lidar com eles. E no Brasil? O artigo aplica modelos de regressão linear múltipla para analisar os dados do survey Gênero, Família e Trabalho a partir das percepções em relação aos papéis de gênero, às práticas de divisão do trabalho doméstico entre os membros do casal e ao conflito na articulação trabalho reprodutivo (casa) e trabalho remunerado (trabalho) segundo gênero e raça. Os resultados apontam que, em relação às percepções sobre os papéis de gênero, as mulheres brancas são as mais igualitárias. Essa adesão cresce com a escolaridade e diminui com maior número de filhos e presença de cônjuge. Já os homens negros são os menos igualitários e essa assimetria é reduzida pela idade e maior número de filhos. Na divisão do trabalho, os homens negros são os mais igualitários e a adesão à igualdade aumenta com a escolaridade e com percepções mais igualitárias de papéis de gênero, enquanto as mulheres negras reportam relações menos simétricas, mas a simetria cresce com a escolaridade. Quanto ao conflito casa-trabalho, as mulheres negras declaram mais cansaço do que as brancas, mas este se reduz com a escolaridade e a presença de cônjuge.

Adherence to the traditional family model has never been uniform. Studies of black families in the US show that black women are less likely than white women to officiate marriage, less dependent on their spouses, and regarding their attitude, African American men and women tend to be more tolerant of mothers who work and are more egalitarian in relation to gender roles. Differences are attributed to the socioeconomic constraints experienced historically and to the solutions built to deal with them. But what about Brazil? The article analyzes data from the Gender and Family survey regarding perceptions in relation to i) gender roles, ii) practices of division of domestic work among members of the couple and iii) conflict in the articulation between paid and unpaid work according to gender and race. Results show that white women have more equality and this adherence increases with schooling and decreases with a greater number of children and the presence of a spouse. Moreover, black men are the least egalitarian and this asymmetry is reduced by age and a greater number of children. Regarding division of labor, black men are the most egalitarian and adherence to equality increases with schooling and with more egalitarian perceptions of gender roles; whereas black women report less symmetrical relationships, but symmetry grows with schooling. In relation to the home-work conflict, black women declare more tiredness, but this decreases with schooling and the presence of a spouse.

La adhesión al modelo familiar tradicional nunca ha sido uniforme. Los estudios sobre familias negras en los Estados Unidos muestran que las mujeres negras son menos propensas que las mujeres blancas a casarse, son menos dependientes de sus cónyuges y, desde el punto de vista de la actitud, los hombres y las mujeres afroamericanas tienden a ser más tolerantes con las madres. quienes trabajan y son más igualitarios en relación con los roles de género. Las diferencias se atribuyen a las limitaciones socioeconómicas experimentadas históricamente y a las soluciones creadas para enfrentarlas. ¿Y en Brasil? El artículo analiza los datos de la Encuesta de Género y Familia a partir de las percepciones en relación con 1) los roles de género, 2) las prácticas de división del trabajo doméstico entre los miembros de la pareja y 3) el conflicto en la articulación entre el trabajo remunerado y no remunerado según el género y raza. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres blancas son las más iguales y esta adherencia crece con la escolaridad y se reduce con un mayor número de hijos y la presencia de un cónyuge, y que los hombres negros son los menos igualitarios y que esta asimetría se reduce por la edad y un mayor número de niños. En la división del trabajo, los hombres negros son los más igualitarios y la adhesión a la igualdad aumenta con la escolarización y con percepciones más igualitarias de los roles de género, y las mujeres negras reportan relaciones menos simétricas, y esa simetría crece con la escolarización. En relación con el conflicto del trabajo en el domicilio, las mujeres negras declaran más cansancio, pero esto se reduce con la escolarización y la presencia de un cónyuge.

Envolvimentos no trabalho e na família: estudo de caso com mães trabalhadoras na função pública / Work and family involvements: case study with working mothers in the civil service

Neste estudo, abordamos os desafios da conciliação trabalho-família em três mulheres com diferentes jornadas de trabalho (parcial, integral e extensa) na função pública. Para isso, utilizou-se um guia para a avaliação das mudanças, dificuldades, estratégias e ajustes realizados desde o nascimento das crianças. Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas, utilizando-se análise de conteúdo para interpretação dos dados. As participantes eram casadas, na faixa etária dos 30 anos, com filhos em idade pré-escolar e residiam no interior paulista. As jornadas variavam entre 25 a 55 horas por semana. A partir da análise das entrevistas, foram construídas seis categorias: qualidade de vida, casamento e filhos, trabalho, ajustes e estratégias, suportes sociais e jornada de trabalho. A gestão do tempo na conciliação trabalho-família pode ser estressante e cansativa, especialmente para aquelas que são recém-mães. No entanto, novas adaptações e os apoios familiar e organizacional contribuem para que o desempenho dos papéis profissionais e familiares seja satisfatório.

In this study, we address the challenges of work-family reconciliation in three women with different working hours (partial, full and extensive) in the civil service. For this, we used a guide for the assessment of changes, difficulties, strategies and adjustments made since the birth of children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using content analysis for data interpretation. The participants were married, aged 30 years, with preschool children and resided in São Paulo. Journeys ranged from 25 to 55 hours per week. From the analysis of the interviews, six categories were built: quality of life, marriage and children, work, adjustments and strategies, social support and working hours. Time management in work-family reconciliation can be stressful and tiring, especially for new mothers. However, new adaptations and family and organizational support contribute to the satisfactory performance of professional and family roles.

Relationship between work-family balance and depression among employees in organization: A cross-lagged regression analysis / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between employees'work-family balance (WFB) and depression.Methods:Totally 259 employees from 4 departments in a petrochemical enterprise were assessed with the Work-Family Balance Scale (WFBS) and Patient Health Questionnaires-9 (PHQ-9) and were conducted a 4-months follow-up study via cross-lagged regression.Results:There were significantly negative correlation between the scores of WFBS and PHQ-9 (r =-0.12--0.22,Ps ＜ 0.05).Cross-lagged regression revealed that WFBS score at time 1 was not a predictor of PHQ-9 at time 2 (β =0.04,P ＞ 0.05),and PHQ-9 score at time 1 was a negative predictor of WFBS score at time 2 (β =-0.13,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:There may be a close relationship between work-family balance and depression,and depression could predict work-family balance among employees in organization.

Work-Family Balance, Job Satisfaction And Family Support In Basic School Teachers / Equilibrio trabajo-familia, satisfacción laboral y apoyo familiar en docentes de escuelas básicas

Resumen El objetivo general del estudio consistió en identificar la relación entre las variables Equilibrio trabajo-familia, Satisfacción laboral y Apoyo familiar en una muestra de noventa y nueve docentes, pertenecientes a establecimientos municipales de educación básica, a quienes se les administró el cuestionario de Interacción Trabajo-Familia SWING, el Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF) y el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S20/23. Se concluye que para mejorar la relación y el equilibrio en la interfaz trabajo-familia es indispensable contar con políticas organizacionales amigables hacia la familia, sobre todo en las prestaciones que la organización despliega para apoyar a sus trabajadores. No obstante contar con el apoyo familiar, como un lugar de recuperación y de comprensión, es fundamental para dar respuesta a las demandas de estos dos ámbitos.

Abstract It analyzed the relationship between the variables Balancing Work Family, Job Satisfaction and Family Support in a sample of 99 teachers belonging to municipal schools of Basic Education, who were administered the questionnaire Work-Family Interaction SWING, Family Support Inventory (IPSF) and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20 / 23. And between Job Satisfaction and Family Support (r = 0.292; p <0.01), a significant relationship between variables Work Family Balance and Job Satisfaction (p <0.01 r = 0.466) was observed. No significant relationship between Balancing Work and Family Support Family (p> 0.01 r = 0.181) was observed. In addition, a linear regression model, which yielded results in job satisfaction with their dimensions, explaining 30.6% variability Work Family Balance and 14.2% variability Family Support was performed.

Work-family balance and the relationship with well-being of female prison police / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of work-family balance,and explore the relationship between work-family balance and well-being of female prison police.Methods 185 female prison police from one of prison of Sichuan province were assessed using the questionnaires of work-family balance ques tionnaire and well-being scale,and the data were analyzed using t test,one-way ANOVA,pearson correlation analysis and logical multiple linear regression analysis.Results The total score of work-family balance was (10.22± 1.32).The dimension score of work-family balance from high to low were:resource sharing(3.44± 0.60),family balance (3.38±0.53) and work balance (3.12±0.60).There was no remarkable difference on work-family balance between stage of age and family monthly income;but work-family balance declined with the increases of marriageable age and working age (F=13.01,8.25,both P＜ 0.01).Work balance,family balance resource sharing,work-family balance had significant positive correlation with well-being and it's dimensions(r=0.15 ～ 0.60,P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that age,marriageable age had a negative predic tive effect on job satisfaction and emotion satisfaction(β=-0.20,-0.24,both P＜0.01),and work family balance and it's dimensions had a positive predictive effect on well-being(3=0.282～0.679,P＜0.01).Conclusion Work-family balance has a significant predictive effect on well-being of female prison police.

Conciliando trabajo-familia: análisis desde la perspectiva de género / Conciliating work-family: analysis from the perspective of gender

Se examina el concepto de equilibrio trabajo-familia, desde un punto de vista conceptual, y su impacto para la gestión de las organizaciones en Chile, sobre todo en materia de equidad de género. Se analiza críticamente su alcance, dado el escenario actual de cambios psicosociales, como la incorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral, en particular, y algunas fluctuaciones en la realidad laboral de los trabajadores, en general. Se enfatiza en la necesidad de identificar los factores organizacionales que impulsan el cambio -así como los principales obstaculizadores-, particularmente hacia una cultura organizacional que incorpore en su gestión la preocupación por integrar la vida familiar y laboral. Se concluye la necesidad de articular políticas públicas, fomentar estrategias personales e implementar los cambios organizacionales para responder efectivamente a los desafíos.

The concept of work-family balance and its impact on the management of organizations, especially on gender equality, is examined from a conceptual point of view, given the current stage of psychosocial changes, including the incorporation of women into the labor market and the labor situation of workers in general. We emphasize the need to identify organizational factors driving change and leading obstacles, particularly considering an organizational culture that incorporates the concern to integrate work and family life at all levels. We conclude with the need to articulate public policy, promote personal strategies and implement organizational changes to respond effectively to the challenges and promote change.

Equilibrio trabajo-familia: corresponsabilidad familiar y autoeficacia parental en trabajadores de una empresa chilena / Work-Family Balance: Working Family and Parental Self-Efficacy in Chilean Company Workers

En el artículo se analizan las diferencias entre equilibrio trabajo-familia, corresponsabilidad y autoeficacia parental en trabajadores de una empresa chilena. A 224 trabajadores les fueron aplicados tres instrumentos: el cuestionario de interacción trabajo-familia, el cuestionario de participación en el trabajo familiar y la escala de autoeficacia parental. Se observa que no existe diferencia en el nivel de equilibrio trabajo-familia entre hombres y mujeres (t [222] = -0,83, p > 0,05). En corresponsabilidad se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas (t [220,28] = -7,27, p < 0,05), indicando que las mujeres realizan más tareas en el hogar, a pesar de su jornada laboral. En relación con la autoeficacia parental existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres (t [215] = -8,76, p <0,05), indicando que las mujeres se perciben a sí mismas como mejores madres.

This article analyzes the differences between work-family balance, joint responsability and parental self-efficacy in employees of a Chilean company. 224 professional workers were administered three instruments: the work-family interaction questionnaire, the participation in family work questionnaire and the parental self-efficacy scale. It is observed that there is no difference in the level of work-family balance between men and women (t [222] = -0.83, p > 0,05). On joint responsibility, there are evident statistically differences (t [220,28] = -7,27, p < 0,05), indicating that women do more housework, despite their working day. Regarding parental self-efficacy, there are differences between men and women (t [215] = -8,76 p < 0,05), indicating that women perceive themselves as better mothers.

A conciliação de papéis profissionais e familiares: o mecanismo psicológico de spillover / Work and family balance: the psychological mechanism of spillover

A maioria dos estudos sobre o tema da conciliação entre a vida profissional e familiar tem assumido uma perspectiva negativa e de conflito, focando as dificuldades nesta conciliação. Mais recentemente, as vantagens e aspectos positivos desta gestão têm sido analisadas. Neste artigo, sistematiza-se o principal mecanismo da análise da interface trabalho e família: o mecanismo psicológico de spillover. Discutem-se as diferentes dimensões de spillover (negativa e positiva), as direções de influência e tipologias de variáveis associadas. Considera-se que uma abordagem multidimensional permitirá uma análise completa da relação trabalho e família, sustentando medidas de apoio à conciliação que tenham em vista não só a diminuição das relações negativas, mas também a promoção das relações positivas entre as duas esferas.

Traditionally, research on the work-family interface has focused on the negative and conflicting aspects of this balance. Nevertheless, more recently, the advantages and benefits of multiple role occupation have been addressed. This paper analyses the main psychological mechanism of the work-family interface: the spillover effect. Spillover dimensions (positive and negative), directions, as well as variables associated to each type of spillover are discussed. We argue that a multidimensional approach to this issue will allow for a more complete understanding of the work-family relationship, which in turn will enable the creation of family-friendly measures directed at reducing negative interferences between work and family as well as directed at enhancing positive linkages.

Trabalho e família: perspectivas teóricas e desafios atuais / Work and family: theoretical perspectives and current challenges

No campo de pesquisa focado no desenvolvimento adulto, surgiu um interesse em estudar as diferentes trajetórias de pessoas que estão estabelecendo suas vidas profissionais e formando uma família própria, uma vez que grande parte dos casais mais novos enfrenta demandas que podem causar níveis consideráveis de estresse. Este artigo inicia com uma discussão sobre fatores socioculturais que ainda produzem diferenças entre homens e mulheres nessas duas esferas e evidenciam mudanças recentes nos seus envolvimentos no mercado de trabalho e na vida familiar, para embasar uma discussão de modelos teóricos sobre os impactos dessas demandas, quando somadas. Em seguida, apresenta-se um modelo novo de equilíbrio entre trabalho e família, baseado nos conceitos do processo de enfrentamento de estresse, para guiar novas pesquisas nessa área. Finaliza-se com a apresentação de algumas estratégias sendo usadas no ambiente de trabalho, focadas na organização e quantidade de tempo que o trabalhador passa em atividades profissionais, como forma de contribuir para a produção de pesquisas sobre as condições que permitem o bom aproveitamento desses arranjos, junto com outros esforços que talvez melhorem o equilíbrio entre trabalho e família.

In the field of research focused on adult development, efforts have been directed to the study of the different trajectories that people follow in establishing their professional and family lives, as a result of the fact that the majority of younger couples face demands that provoke significant levels of stress. In this paper, we first discuss social cultural factors that continue to result in differences between men and women in these two spheres, as well as recent changes in their involvement in the workforce and in family life. This is followed by a discussion of theoretical models about the impacts of dealing with concurrent demands in these two areas. Next, a new model of work and family balance is presented, based on concepts that underlie theories that describe the coping process, as a means of guiding further research in this area. In conclusion, some of the strategies that can be used in the workplace to combat work-family tensions are outlined, with the intention of encouraging research on the conditions that can contribute to making beneficial use of these arrangements, along with other efforts that may improve work-family balance.